Current Position: Home > IP News > 共同侵權的判斷方式 ─ Medgraph v. Medtronic案

近幾年如果有涉及共同侵權(divided infringement)的案子,幾乎都會以代表案例Akamai Techs., Inc. v. Limelight Networks, Inc. (Akamai案)所產生之標準予以審視,而Akamai案纏訟多年,共同侵權的判斷標準也隨著每次判決意見不斷改變,從2010年CAFC做出第一次判決(Akamai I),中間打到最高法院後發回CAFC重審(Akamai III),最後於2015年CAFC做出二次判決,其中第二次的全院庭審(en banc)之判決(Akamai V)意見被法律圈解釋為法院擴大了271(a)的適用範圍,換句話說,共同侵權似乎更容易成立了。

本次要探討的案例Medgraph, Inc. v. Medtronic, Inc., Case No. 15-2019 (Fed. Cir., Dec. 13, 2016)(Medgraph案)也與共同侵權有關。被告Medtronic製造與銷售多種整合糖尿病管理解決方案,包括用於糖尿病的CareLink治療管理系統(CareLink system),其整合給病患使用的CareLink個人治療管理軟體(CareLink Personal)以及給健康照護專業人士使用的CareLink專業糖尿病治療管理軟體(CareLink Pro)。

CareLink system允許病患上傳例如血糖讀數等糖尿病管理相關資料至Medtronic的中央電腦伺服器,這些資料會被儲存在資料庫中以讓病患可以留有線上紀錄且遠端分享資訊給健康照護人士(例如醫生)。

2009年Medgraph以US專利號5,974,124(‘124專利)控告Medtronic侵權,系爭專利與改善與促進病患的診斷與治療有關,其中’124專利的Claim 1是方法項,Claim 16是對應的裝置項,皆與本案例有關,由於原claims內容過長,此僅摘錄重要片段。

Claims

1. A method for improving and facilitating diagnosis and treatment of patients having medical conditions requiring long-term profiles of specific variables, said method including the steps of

using at least one measuring device, periodically taking a measurement of at least one medically important variable that has been identified for a patient from a body of said patient;

ensuring said patient is separated from said at least one measuring device after taking each said measurement;

inputting said at least one medically important variable as raw data into a primary computer system after said step of ensuring said patient is separated and recording said raw data in a mass storage device integrated with said primary computer system;…

16. A system for improving and facilitating diagnosis and treatment of patients having medical conditions requiring long-term profiles of at least one predetermined medically important variable, comprising

means for inputting…whereby raw data can be communicated from a remote computer proximate a patient comprising an ordinary general purpose personal computer and from an ordinary telephone wherein data is transmitted…

地院判定Medtronic未侵權後,Medgraph上訴至CAFC,其論點有二,首先,鑒於約束法(controlling law)的改變(其指CAFC於2015年對於Akamai做出的二次判決間的差異),地院的判決應該發回重審,其次,地院對於Claim 16並未侵權的裁決有誤,因為地院沒有正確解釋Claim 16。

共同侵權之受益的判定

在地院作出未侵權決定之後Akamai V才出現,共同侵權的標準被放寬了,而Akamai V中有以下二個重點:

in addition to an agency or contractual relationship, attribution is proper

  1. “when an alleged infringer conditions participation in an activity” or
  2. “receipt of a benefit upon performance of a step or steps of a patented method and establishes the manner or timing of that performance.”

換句話說,除了Akamai IV中的代理或合同關係以外,當侵權人決定活動中的參與內容或從專利核准方法的步驟之施行獲得利益,並建立該施行的方法與時間點時,則符合共同侵權。

原告Medgraph自然認為其吃虧了,其主張地院審理時並沒有考慮到上述二點,且聲稱Medtronic決定了病患/醫生在CareLink system中的參與,或從病患與醫生遠端獲取病患資訊中獲得利益。

然而Medgraph的理由並未得到認同,法官認為Akamai IV中關於直接侵權的“請求項的所有步驟要由單一實體實施或可歸因於單一實體(all steps of the claim are performed by or attributable to a single entity)”要件並未因為Akamai V而有所改變。

如Medtronic所述,Medgraph在訴訟過程中一直無法提出’124專利Claim 1中所有步驟是由病患與醫生實施的證據,所以法官指出,一般狀況下,當上訴過程中法律標準有變動時,重審是合適的,但本案並不適用,因為Akamai V的出現並未改變Medgraph舉證不足之事實。

日期:10/11/2016
來源:聯合新聞網

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